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HIV LE HO NYANTSHA  

Tshwaetso ya Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ha e fole, feela jwaloka tswekere kapa kgatello e phahameng ya madi. Ho bohlokwa haholo hore batho bohle ba phelang le HIV ba nwe meriana ya antiretroviral (di-ARV) letsatsi le letsatsi. 


HIV LE BOIMANA 

Ho bohlokwa hore:

  • nwe di-ARV ka nepo.

  • Bolella mosebeletsi wa bophelo bo botle haeba o thatafallwa ho di nwa.

  • Eya tleliniking ya batswetse NAKO YOHLE ha o behetswe ho ya.

  • sa diteko tsa madi kgafetsa ho bona hore di-ARV di boloka vaerase e sa bonahale (<50c/ml).Et

 

Sena se tla sireletsa lesea la hao hore le se ke la tshwaetswa ke HIV. Lesea la hao le lona le tla fumana di-ARV ka mora hore le hlahe ho thibela HIV.[1] 
Masea a fetang 99% a tswalwang ke bo mme ba nang le tshwaetso ya HIV ha a be le HIV.[1]

 

HANG HA LESEA LE HLAHILE 

Boloka lesea la hao le thetsane le wena letlalo ka letlalo nako e telele kamoo ho ka kgonehang. Ho thetsana letlalo ka letlalo ho thusa tabeng ya ho nyantsha le ho thibela lesea hore le lahlehelwe ke boima bo bongata ba mmele le ho tshwaetswa ke jaundice. 

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HO NYANTSHA HA O LE HIV+ 

  • Ho nyantsha masea letswele feela ho a sireletsa tshwaetsong ya HIV hape ho fa lesea la hao monyetla o moholo wa bophelo bo botle.[2]

  • Ho nyantsha letswele feela ka dikgwedi tsa pele tse 6 ho bolela hore lesea ha le fuwe letho hore le je kapa le nwe ntle ho lebese la letswele. Ntho leha ele efe e nngwe – metsi, tee, lebese le ritelwang, dijo – e eketsa kotsi ya hore lesea le tshwaetswe ke HIV le malwetse a mang.  

  • Leha ho le jwalo ho fepa lesea ka lebese le ritelwang ha se lebaka la hore o kgaotse ho le nyantsha letswele haeba o ntse o nwa di-ARV letsatsi le letsatsi mme vaerase ya hao e sa bonahale.[1][2] 

  • Kgothaletso ke hore lesea le nyanye letswele ka dilemo tse 2 kapa ho feta.

  • Leha o ka nyantsha lesea nako e kgutshwanyane, ho ke ke ha tshwana le ho se le nyantshe ho hang.[2]

 

HO THWENG HAEBA KE AROHANE LE LESEA? 

Haeba o ka kula kapa ha hlokahala hore o kene sepetlele, kopa ho tsamaya le lesea la hao. Kapa, fana ka lebese leo o le hammeng ka letsoho ha o ntse o arohane le lesea hore o dule o ntse o ba le lebese le ho qoba ho ruruha. Bolella mosebeletsi wa tsa bophelo bo botle hore o a nyantsha. 


HO THWENG HAEBA LESEA LE LONA LE LE HIV+? 

Masea a ka tlase ho 1% a tswetsweng ke bo mme ba nang le tshwaetso ya HIV a tla ba le HIV. Haeba lesea la hao le ba le tshwaetso ya HIV, HA HO NA lebaka la hore o se ke wa le nyantsha. Ho nyantsha lesea le tshwaeditsweng ke HIV dilemo tse 2 kapa ho feta, ho molemo bakeng sa bophelo ba lona, hore le fepehe hantle le hore le phele.[2] Ho bohlokwa hore wena le lesea la hao le nwe di-ARV tsa lona letsatsi le letsatsi. 


HO KGWESA NGWANA HA O LE HIV+ 

Ha o etsa qeto ya ho tlohela ho nyantsha, kgwesa ngwana hanyane ka hanyane ka dibeke tse mmalwa. Ho kgaotsa ho nyantsha hanghang ho ka eketsa menyetla ya hore ngwana wa hao a fumane tshwaetso.[1]


HO THWENG HAEBA KE KGETHA HO SE NYANTSHE?

Haeba o na le tshwaetso ya HIV mme o kgetha ho se nyantshe, etsa bonnete ba hore o a utlwisisa le ho fumana lesedi mabapi le: 

  • Dikotsi tsa ho se nyantshe letswele. 

  • Ho lokisa le ho beha lebese le ritelwang ele ho fokotsa dikotsi. 

  • Hore na o fepa le lengata hakae kgafetsa hakae. 

  • Ditjeho tsa lebese le ritelwang.

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REFERENCES

[1] PMTCT 2019 Guidelines South Africa - https://sahivsoc.org/Files/PMTCT%20Guideline%20November%20signed%20PRINT%20v7.pdf

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[2] WC HIV consolidated guidelines October 2020 - https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/health/hiv_guidelines_22012020.pdf

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[3] Adult Primary care guidelines 2019 South Africa - https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/elibrary/adult-primary-care-apc-guide-20192020-updated

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